Galvanizing-bath.



N. K. TURNBULL.

GALVANIZING BATH.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV. 13, 1913.

I Patented Mar. 23; 1915.

Aim mm MW LMMJMI IYIMH M g.

A PATENT FmcE.

NIGHOLAS KING- TUR-N'BULL, 0F -MANCHESTE& ENGLAND.

GALVANIZINWBATH.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, NICHOLAS KING TURN- BULL, subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at 3 York street, Manchester, in

the county of Lancaster, England, have invented new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Galvanizing-Baths, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the galvanizing of metal products such, for example, as Wire .or sheets, by immersion in molten zinc, and

provides an improved construction or arrangement having for its object the prevention of the formation of hard spelter lfrom the iron sides of the bath. The imsome cases with considerable quantities of lead present. In other cases lining of the bath has been suggested, but unsuccessfully I applied; again, it has been proposed to arrange a certain amount of zinc (within an inner bath surrounded by lead) at the outgoing end only. Although many efforts have been put forward to produce a reliable bath, little commercial progress has resulted. 1

The present invention embodies several important details differing substantially from known efl'orts, whereby the zinc may cover the whole surface of the bath and yet receive no heat other than from the supporting metal such as lead.

The use of zinc at the outgoing end only does not insure the best commercial finish to the products. The use of zinc over the whole surface of the bath prevents the otherwise ready oxidation of any zinc that may be floated to an uncovered surface of the lead.

The product receiving an initial immersion in zinc before entering the lead is insured of a better finish, particularly in the absence of hard spelter.

By my invention, means are adopted to prevent contact between the molten zinc and the iron sides of the bath, which contact is well known to set up a dissolving action resulting in the formation of hard spelter.

In order that the said invention may be fully understood, I will proceed to describe 'Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 23, 1915.

Application filefl lq'ovember 13, 1918. Serial no. 800,720.

the same with reference to the annexed drawings, wherein- Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of a bath and setting provided in accordance with my improvements, while Figs. 2 and-3 are sections of parts exhibiting modifications hereinafter to be described. I

.a. is the metallic bath casing, which may be of iron or steel, and constructed according to known methods, but is preferably solid or welded.

1). is the setting therefor, and 0. are the heating flues, passing along the end, sides and under surface of the bath, but not heating the bath where lined'or chilled as hereinafter described. This lining, in the case of Fig. 1, is provided by an interposed thickness of firebrick 'd.-, or other material which has no action on the molten metal, which is contiguous to the bath sides, and is by preference rigidly attached thereto, as shown or in any suitable manner-.-

In Fig. 2 the lining is furnished by providing means for chilling-the metal immediately inside the bath to a temperature such that little or no detrimental action takes place between the iron and the 'zinc. That is to say, instead of using fireclay, as in the former case, I cause the interposition of a thickness or layer of non-molten zinc. This chilling may be effected by means of a chamber 6. formed in the setting, at the desired level, through which air or water may be passed. Or the casing at these parts may .be subjected to a spraying. or other convenient application of cooling fluid, whether the inclosed chamber be employed or not. Sufficient heat is imparted to the remainder of the bath to keep the metal or metals in the necessary molten condition, such heat being conveyed to the zinc f. through the supporting body of lead 9. or other metal having a higher specific gravity than zinc, and havlng little or no detrimental action on the bath. The depths of the zinc at either end of the bath may be varied for the purpose of controlling the quantity of zinc and quality of finish to be applied'to the product.

Fig. 1 shows barriers k. "inclosing' a covering j. to prevent undue oxidation at the surfaces of the molten metal, and composed of charcoal powder on the surface of thelayer of sand preventing theotherwise rapid oxidation of the charcoal.

In Fig. 3, an alternative arrangement is shown, the shield or cover is. being formed wholly of firebrick or other refractory mate rial, the charcoal or other substance being.

dispensed with.' This cover may be provided in sections or otherwise, and maybe for this purpose is shown at m. in Fig. 1',

and comprises a curved arm with hooked end, mounted upon a cross shaft n. in such manner as to describe a curve within the bath.

In use, the wire end is attached to the hook, and the arm is operated through suitable gearing such as 0. llhis threading arm is preferably formed externally of material having no detrimental action upon the zinc, but may be reinforced by a metal core if desired. Assuming the metals of the bath to be in the molten state, the lever 'm, takes the wire p, under the guide 8. to the outgoing end, where it is attached to the mechanism provided for coiling or otherwise receiving the galvanized product. With the threading arrangement described, the covered area of the bath is practically undisturbed under working conditions, and a large area of the bath may be so covered, the central isolated space 1', shown in Figs. 1 and 3, facilitating the ready changin or insertion-of guides such as 8. This re uces the amount of zinc employed, and, where special mixtures or alloys are used in combination with the zinc,

maaese considerably reduces the cost, at the same time giving a better control. Suitable substances are used in accordance with known practice at the entering and outlet ends, to insure satisfactory amalgamation and smooth surfaces: that is to say, by sand or wiping methods in the case of wire, and with the necessary fluxes in the case of sheets. In the drawings sand is indicated for this purpose by the letter 2?.

It is not essential in all cases for the fines c. to be covered in at the top as shown: thus, the setting 6. maybe so formed that the said flues extend past the outer side of a coating of refractory material attached to the exterior of the bath casing a., and corresponding in position with the upper part of the setting shown herein.. Other detail variations may be made without departing from the nature of the invention.

ll claim: c

A galvanizing bath comprising, in combination, an outer casing for the metal; a partial lining, composed of a compact noncorrosive material suitable for contact with molten zinc, and mounted closely against In testimony whereof I have signed my name to thisspecification in the presence of two subscnbing witnesses.

NICHOLAS KING TURNBULL.

. Witnesses: v

GEORGE FREDERICK GADD, An'riinn Game. 

